Regulatory body and structure India DGCA regulates civil aviation medicals. Class-2 is used for initial civil aircrew entry; Class-1/SEP for aeromedical certification as needed. Historically, a separate Class-2 screening network (AF/IAM-based) supported initial entry. Globally: Civil aviation medicals are typically governed by a national aviation authority (e.g., FAA in the USA, CAA in the UK, CASA in Australia) with clear, standardized categories (often Class 1 for pilots and high-risk aviation roles; Class 2 or analogous for student/initial eligibility). ICAO provides global medical standards but implementation is national. History of medical exam Before 1980, pilot used to enroll in flying clubs, finished flying training and used to apply for CPL or PPL license. Then the Air HQ took a policy, that all initial civil Aircrew for commercial flying were to be examined at AFCME (IAM followed a year or two later). The ICAO medical directives were at their infancy ... At that time, it was...
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a severe, fatal illness affecting humans and non-human primates. The disease is caused by infection with viruses belonging to the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae. Ebola has remained a significant public health concern, particularly in Central and West Africa. Cause and Transmission Ebola is transmitted to humans through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as fruit bats, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, and forest antelope. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with: • Blood or bodily fluids of an infected person • Contaminated surfaces and medical equipment • Infected tissues during burial ceremonies • Needlestick injuries in healthcare settings The virus does not spread through the air like influenza or COVID-19. Signs and Symptoms Symptoms typically appear 2 to 21 days after exposure and may include: • Sudden onset of fever • Severe headache • Muscle and joint pain • W...