Seizure accompanied by fever without central nervous system infection, metabolic or electrolyte disturbances, or a history of afebrile seizure or any acute neurological insult/head trauma in children aged 6 months to 6 years. Few guidelines include younger children up to 3 months [National Institutes of Health (NIH)] and even 1 month [International League against Epilepsy (ILAE)] after ruling out causes of provoked seizures. Fever can occur anytime during or after a seizure and the majority of febrile seizures (FSs) occur within 24 hours of fever onset
Fever with isolated, generalized tonic clonic seizures, which last <15 minutes, and do not recur within 24 hours.
Fever with seizures with any one of the following features: focal and/or prolonged for >15 minutes and/or recur within 24 hours and/or have incomplete recovery within 1 hour.
febrile status convulsion
Febrile seizure lasting for 30 minutes or more and/or series of seizures without full recovery in between that.
Nature and duration of the convulsions and postictal phase
Recent fever/ear discharge/dysuria
Recent antibiotic therapy/ antipyretics/rescue anticonvulsants Immunization history
Past history of previous episodes of FS, a diagnosis of epilepsy, and other neurologic conditions and diseases
Family history of FS, epilepsy,or neurologic diseases
History of neonatal intensive care unit stay or developmental delay, if any
danger/ Red flag signs
Focal neurological signs
Persistent altered sensorium after 1 hour of seizure
Features of raised intracranial pressure such as headache, vomiting, papilledema, brisk deep tendon reflexes, Cushing’s triad of bradycardia, irregular respiration, and hypertension
Features of meningoencephalitis/ non-blanching rash in an unwell child
Features of sepsis/shock/ respiratory distress
The drug of choice for rescue management at home is intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; maximum: 5 mg). Other effective drugs are intramuscular/buccal midazolam, buccal lorazepam, and per rectal diazepam. Maximum two doses, 5 minutes apart.
Management of febrile status epilepticus at hospital is similar to management of convulsive status epilepticus.
Stabilize with ABCDE approach (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure/ examination).
If diagnosed with Dravet syndrome, FS+, GEFS+, sodium channel blockers (phenytoin) may be avoided.
In young children, in case of clinical suspicion of meningitis and febrile status start third- generation cephalosporin till lumbar puncture results.
Class Medical Requirements for Pilots under 20yr To obtain a Class Medical Certificate from the DGCA, individuals under 20 years of age must pass specific medical tests and evaluations. This guide highlights the key components of the examination process, including the individual tests and their significance. 1. Eye Test **Overview:** The eye test is designed to evaluate visual acuity and overall eye health, as good vision is essential for pilots. **Requirements:** -vision with or without spectacle should be 6/6 in each eye Distant vision must be 20/20 or better in each eye, with or without correction. - Near vision must be 20/40 or better in each eye, with or without correction (required for those over 50). -colour blindness should not be there Pilots must also have the ability to perceive colors necessary for the safe performance of airman duties. **Study Tips:** - Familiarize yourself with different vision tests, including Snellen charts. - 2. Color Blindness **Overview:** The abil...
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