H3N2 CARE and cure

H3N2 flu disease. many major places in all around the world are having a sudden increase in the number of patients infected with the Influenza Virus Subtype H3N2. Patients are showing all H3N2 Symptoms like fever, cough, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, and nasal congestion. This virus is famous as one of the fastest-spreading viruses and makes a lot of people very ill. It has already caused many seasonal flu outbreaks in 2023. In this article, we will discuss all the severe consequences and symptoms of the H3N2 virus Etiological agent-The virus There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease in people (known as flu season) almost every winter. Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that infects people, has the ability to spread efficiently among people as people have little or no immunity. Influenza C virus infections generally cause mild illness and are not thought to cause human epidemics. Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people. Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminidase subtypes (H1 through H18 and N1 through N11, respectively). While more than 130 influenza A subtype combinations have been identified in nature, primarily from wild birds, there are potentially many more influenza A subtype combinations given the propensity for virus Current subtypes of influenza A viruses that routinely circulate in people include A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). Influenza A subtypes can be further broken down into different genetic “clades” and “sub-clades.” Clades and sub-clades can be alternatively called “groups” and “sub-groups,” respectively. An influenza clade or group is a further subdivision of influenza viruses (beyond subtypes or lineages) based on the similarity of their HA gene sequences. Clades and subclades are shown on phylogenetic trees as groups of viruses that usually have similar genetic changes (i.e., nucleotide or amino acid changes) and have a single common ancestor represented as a node in the tree. Dividing viruses into clades and subclades helps flu experts track the proportion of viruses from different clades in circulation. Currently circulating influenza A(H1N1) viruses are related to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus that emerged in the spring of 2009 and caused a flu pandemic (CDC 2009 H1N1 Flu website). These viruses, scientifically called the “A(H1N1)pdm09 virus,” and more generally called “2009 H1N1,” have continued to circulate seasonally since then and have undergone genetic changes and changes to their antigenic properties. Mode of infection of H3N2 Virus Influenza viruses mostly get into people’s bodies through contact with infected pigs. People who keep pigs in their farms and houses get infected with H3N2 Virus through droplets created in air when infected pigs cough or sneeze or came into physical contact. When you inhale the same infected air as those pigs, the Influenza virus may enter your body through openings in your outer body like mouth, nose, spore holes, eyes, or ears. A person can also get infected with this virus by coming into contact with an already H3N2 Virus infected person. Symptoms According to many experts, severe H3N2 Symptoms last only for three days but the coughing problem takes at least more than 2 weeks to completely fade away. According to the National Centre for Disease Control, currently, most of the cases of fever, cough, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, and nasal congestion are due to Influenza Virus Subtype H3N2 H3N2 influenza is highly contagious. It can easily transmit from one person to another through infected droplets. Pregnant women, young children, elderly adults, and persons with underlying medical issues are at a higher risk of flu-related complications. Since the fever is caused by a virus, antibiotics should be prohibited. If the antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily, it increases the risk of multi-drug resistant bacteria to emerge in the community. 1. Most of the H3N2 Viral patients shows symptom of fever. Fever is a medical sign that the patient’s body is trying to fight and kill some foreign microorganism. In current times, foreign microbes are generally influenza viruses. 2. Coughing is another H3N2 Symptom that shows very early after getting infected but leaves the body at very last. The fever may fade away in 3-4 days but coughing will take time to leave. 3. You will definitely feel fatigued if you get infected with H3N2 Viral infection. Fatigue means feeling very weak and tired. It blocks our mind from feeling weak so that the patient continue to feel sick and weak. 4. When all other symptoms of this fast-spreading disease trouble you. 5. Slowly all the muscles of your body start to pain. Specifically the muscle of your back and legs. 6. All the H3N2-infected patients also say that their throat hurts. If you face this symptom then we would like to say that do some gargle with warm water. 7. Take some fresh water steam, if you face problems during breathing or feel a sensation in the nasal cavity. In serious cases, the infected person may experience difficulty in breathing, pain/ discomfort in chest, difficulty in swallowing food and continuous fever. If someone is experiencing these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical help immediately. Treatment Most of the researchers and doctor have said that antiviral drugs prescribed for influenza virus is applicable on this H3N2 variant. Currently, the all India medical association has asked all Indian doctors to prescribe oseltamivir and zanamivir. Treating the patient infected with the H3N2 virus at an early stage is best. All the readers are requested to always complete the medication course prescribed by a physician. Only take antibacterial tablets when any verified doctor has prescribed them to you. A sharp rise in H3N2 influenza cases has been reported in India. The virus leads to respiratory symptoms including persistent cough and many more. A quick change in weather from extremely cold to warm has been identified as one of the major reasons behind this rapid increase in flu symptoms among people. This virus can also infect birds and mammals. According to WHO, H3N2 is a subtype of Influenza A virus which majorly affects humans. A report by the Centre for Disease Control And Prevention (CDC), this virus was first identified in pigs in the US in 2010. Later in 2012, 12 infections were detected in humans followed by several H3N2 outbreaks in the same year. Post-Holi many are experiencing flu-like symptoms. Let's take a look at H3N2 symptoms which will help you seek medical intervention on time. H3N2 influenza is highly contagious. It can easily transmit from one person to another through infected droplets. Pregnant women, young children, elderly adults, and persons with underlying medical issues are at a higher risk of flu-related complications. Oseltamivir phosphate is an oral anti-viral drug approved for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients 2 weeks of age and older whose flu symptoms have not lasted more than two days. Zanamivir, oseltamivir, and peramivir are sialic acid analogues that inhibit influenza virus neuraminidases by competitively interacting with the active enzyme site of influenza A and B viruses, including adamantine-resistant strains. Influenza neuraminidase cleaves terminal sialic acid residues and destroys the receptors recognized by viral hemagglutinin. These drugs inhibit this action, which is essential for release of virus from infected cells, prevention of viral aggregates, and spread within the respiratory tract. Oseltamivir is administered orally as the phosphate prodrug, which is rapidly absorbed and hydrolysed to the active form oseltamivir carboxylate. The oral bioavailability of zanamivir is poor, and it is currently licensed to be delivered as an orally inhaled powder. Peramivir, an intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor, is not licensed but was previously made available for use under an emergency use authorization, a mechanism by which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows the use of an unapproved medical product during certain types of emergencies, such as pandemic influenza. Oseltamivir is effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute influenza A and B infections. Early treatment in adults decreases the duration and severity of illness and reduces lower respiratory tract complications, antibiotic use, and, with oseltamivir, hospitalizations. In cohort studies, treatment with oseltamivir has been associated with a significant reduction in death (odds ratio, 0.21). Zanamivir is also effective in alleviating symptoms and decreasing the risk for lower respiratory complications. Both zanamivir and oseltamivir are highly effective for the prevention of influenza. Dose: Oseltamivir is given in doses of 2 mg per kg body weight. The most common side effects with oseltamivir are nausea and vomiting. It may also be associated with headache, rash, and possibly abnormal transaminases. Oseltamivir resistance as a result of neuraminidase mutations has been detected during treatment of seasonal influenza, more often in children than in adults and recently in H5N1- and H1N1-infected patients. In the immunocompromised host, and possibly in individuals with H5N1 or H1N1, the development of resistance is associated with treatment failure. Zanamivir retains clinical effectiveness against the most common oseltamivir-resistant variant.4