Covid 19 vaccination comparision covishield and covaxin

The examination should be directed to the presence of any condition which would impair respiratory functions or pressure equalization during flight. Ear drums should be examined for any pathology, perforations and for the adequacy of pressure equalization. Pressure equalization should be assessed by observation of the drum during a Valsalva maneuver. Vestibular function should be normal. Auricle and mastoid region should be carefully examined for scars and deformities due to past operations. External Auditory Meatus This is inspected by pulling the auricle upwards, backwards and outwards to straighten the external canal. Presence of wax, foreign body, exostosis or discharge is noted. Wax is removed by a blunt hook probe or syringing. While syringing, the stream of water is directed against the posterior-superior wall of the meatus and not against the wax, foreign body or the drum. Syringing is contraindicated in the presence of perforation of tympanic membrane due to...

COVOVAX™ VACCINE The COVOVAX™ vaccine is approved for restricted use in emergency situation that may prevent COVID-19 caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 12 years of age and older • If you have ever had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after any drug, food, any vaccine or any ingredients of COVOVAX™ vaccine • If you have fever • If you have a problem with bleeding or bruising, or if you are taking a blood thinning medicines (anticoagulant) • If you have a problem with liver related disorder and/or inflammation of the gall bladder • If your immune system does not work properly (immunodeficiency) or you are taking medicines that weaken the immune system (such as high-dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or cancer medicines) • If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant • If you are breastfeeding • If you have received another COVID-19 vaccine

A cataract means any opacity of the lens.Cataract is not the common problem in pediatric practice, but it is the most common cause of treatable childhood blindness. Some are detected incidentally on clinical examination, majority are observed by the parents or caretakers & others may present with visual complaints. Cataracts are more common in low birth weight infants ( Many a times, clinician may not get a cause of cataracts in children in spite of good evaluation. Common causes of cataracts · Congenital infections × Rubella. × Cytomegalovirus. × Toxoplasmosis. × Herpes Simplex Infection × Syphilis · Developmental variants × Prematurity × Low birth weight babies · Metabolic disorders × Galactosemia. × Homocystinuria. × Wilson disease. × Fabry disease. × Abetalipoproteinemia. × Nieman...

Seizure accompanied by fever without central nervous system infection, metabolic or electrolyte disturbances, or a history of afebrile seizure or any acute neurological insult/head trauma in children aged 6 months to 6 years. Few guidelines include younger children up to 3 months [National Institutes of Health (NIH)] and even 1 month [International League against Epilepsy (ILAE)] after ruling out causes of provoked seizures. Fever can occur anytime during or after a seizure and the majority of febrile seizures (FSs) occur within 24 hours of fever onset Fever with isolated, generalized tonic clonic seizures, which last 15 minutes and/or recur within 24 hours and/or have incomplete recovery within 1 hour. febrile status convulsion Febrile seizure lasting for 30 minutes or more and/or series of seizures without full recovery in between that.  Nature and duration of the convulsions and postictal phase  Recent fever/ear discharge/dysuria  Recent antibioti...

OPHTHALMOLOGICAL DISORDERS 1. Introduction. The AIC deals with assessment of candidates and civil aircrew having certain ophthalmological disorders. Conditions of the eye not covered herein should be dealt with on the merits of the case based on ICAO guidelines. 2. The following ophthalmological conditions are disqualifying for initial issue medical examinations: (a) History/ evidence of recurrent keratitis (b) Keratoconus (c) Macular degeneration (d) Hereditary degeneration which interferes with visual acuity and/or visual fields (e) Retinitis Pigmentosa (f) Retinal Detachment (g) Retinal vascular disorders with exudates or neovascularisation (h) Optic neuritis and optic atrophy (i) Central Serous Retinopathy (j) Glaucoma (k) Any intraocular surgery (l) Manifest squint 3. Candidates for initial issue medical examination having corneal / congenital lenticular opacities which are non-progressive and do not interfere with vision may be considered fit for flying duties. 4. Lattice ...

Tall Stature Definition: Tall stature is defined as height of the child is greater than 2 SD above the population mean for age & sex, using growth charts based on local reference standards. If there is significant discrepancy between the mid – parental centile & child’s height, detailed assessment is indicated. History · A detailed history of early growth including birth weight & length should be obtained. · Birth weight & length are usually above 2 SD in children with primary growth disorders like Sotos, Beck with – Widemann & Marfan Syndromes. They continue to show accelerated growth velocity in infancy & early childhood. · Children with constitutional tall stature are within normal range for birth weight & length & demonstrate accelerated growth velocity in early childhood. · Neonatal hypoglycemia can be a f...

OBESITY & COMMERCIAL AIRCREW 1. Obesity is defined as an excess concentration of body fat or adipose tissue. Obesity and overweight are terms often used interchangeably, but they do not necessarily represent the same situation. Some individuals may be overweight but not obese, while obese individuals are overweight to a certain defined degree. The medical implications of obesity are more of a cause for concern for the employer than the regulatory body, in view of the nature of the disability & its ability to cause acute incapacitation.Overweight and obese individuals are at increased risk for many diseases and health conditions, including hypertension, dyslipidemia,Type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea etc. 2. Methods to measure body fat include BMI, Hip Waist Ratio, skinfold thickness, underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and computerized tomography. Body M...