Covid 19 vaccination comparision covishield and covaxin

A cataract means any opacity of the lens.Cataract is not the common problem in pediatric practice, but it is the most common cause of treatable childhood blindness. Some are detected incidentally on clinical examination, majority are observed by the parents or caretakers & others may present with visual complaints. Cataracts are more common in low birth weight infants ( Many a times, clinician may not get a cause of cataracts in children in spite of good evaluation. Common causes of cataracts · Congenital infections × Rubella. × Cytomegalovirus. × Toxoplasmosis. × Herpes Simplex Infection × Syphilis · Developmental variants × Prematurity × Low birth weight babies · Metabolic disorders × Galactosemia. × Homocystinuria. × Wilson disease. × Fabry disease. × Abetalipoproteinemia. × Nieman...

Seizure accompanied by fever without central nervous system infection, metabolic or electrolyte disturbances, or a history of afebrile seizure or any acute neurological insult/head trauma in children aged 6 months to 6 years. Few guidelines include younger children up to 3 months [National Institutes of Health (NIH)] and even 1 month [International League against Epilepsy (ILAE)] after ruling out causes of provoked seizures. Fever can occur anytime during or after a seizure and the majority of febrile seizures (FSs) occur within 24 hours of fever onset Fever with isolated, generalized tonic clonic seizures, which last 15 minutes and/or recur within 24 hours and/or have incomplete recovery within 1 hour. febrile status convulsion Febrile seizure lasting for 30 minutes or more and/or series of seizures without full recovery in between that.  Nature and duration of the convulsions and postictal phase  Recent fever/ear discharge/dysuria  Recent antibioti...

OPHTHALMOLOGICAL DISORDERS 1. Introduction. The AIC deals with assessment of candidates and civil aircrew having certain ophthalmological disorders. Conditions of the eye not covered herein should be dealt with on the merits of the case based on ICAO guidelines. 2. The following ophthalmological conditions are disqualifying for initial issue medical examinations: (a) History/ evidence of recurrent keratitis (b) Keratoconus (c) Macular degeneration (d) Hereditary degeneration which interferes with visual acuity and/or visual fields (e) Retinitis Pigmentosa (f) Retinal Detachment (g) Retinal vascular disorders with exudates or neovascularisation (h) Optic neuritis and optic atrophy (i) Central Serous Retinopathy (j) Glaucoma (k) Any intraocular surgery (l) Manifest squint 3. Candidates for initial issue medical examination having corneal / congenital lenticular opacities which are non-progressive and do not interfere with vision may be considered fit for flying duties. 4. Lattice ...

Tall Stature Definition: Tall stature is defined as height of the child is greater than 2 SD above the population mean for age & sex, using growth charts based on local reference standards. If there is significant discrepancy between the mid – parental centile & child’s height, detailed assessment is indicated. History · A detailed history of early growth including birth weight & length should be obtained. · Birth weight & length are usually above 2 SD in children with primary growth disorders like Sotos, Beck with – Widemann & Marfan Syndromes. They continue to show accelerated growth velocity in infancy & early childhood. · Children with constitutional tall stature are within normal range for birth weight & length & demonstrate accelerated growth velocity in early childhood. · Neonatal hypoglycemia can be a f...

OBESITY & COMMERCIAL AIRCREW 1. Obesity is defined as an excess concentration of body fat or adipose tissue. Obesity and overweight are terms often used interchangeably, but they do not necessarily represent the same situation. Some individuals may be overweight but not obese, while obese individuals are overweight to a certain defined degree. The medical implications of obesity are more of a cause for concern for the employer than the regulatory body, in view of the nature of the disability & its ability to cause acute incapacitation.Overweight and obese individuals are at increased risk for many diseases and health conditions, including hypertension, dyslipidemia,Type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea etc. 2. Methods to measure body fat include BMI, Hip Waist Ratio, skinfold thickness, underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and computerized tomography. Body M...

Cadila Healthcare Limited, India developed a candidate vaccine ZyCoV-D comprising of a DNA plasmid vector carrying the gene encoding the spike protein (S) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (S) protein, following immunization with three doses adminis- tered 28 days apart. Neutralizing antibody response was also demonstrated against wild type SARS-CoV-2 strain, which may play a substantial role in viral clearance and mitigation of human clinical disease. Implications of all the available evidence Many vaccine candi- dates are in rapid development, including recombinant-protein based vaccines, replicating or non-replicating viral vector- based vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines (which mostly have focused on the spike glycoprotein or receptor binding domain), live attenuated vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Our findings indicate that DNA vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults. ZyCoV-D® vaccination course consists of three separate doses of 0.2 ml each. ZyCoV-D® vaccinat...

Fever With Skin Rash in Children Rubella(German Measles) (3 day Measles) image.png · It was initially recognized as resembling measles & was closely studied by German Physicians. Later on, continued to be called as German Measles. · Post natal infection with rubella à mild disease, · Low grade fever, sore throat, red eyes, headache, · Suboccipital, posterior auricular, anterior cervical lymphnodes are enlarged. · Petechiael haemorrhages on soft palate. · Rashes for 3 days · Thrombocytopenia, Arthritis, Encephalitis & Progressive rubella panencephalitis are known complications. Congenital Rubella Syndrome image.png · Maternal rubella infection in first trimester (embryogenesis) à defects in 90% of the off springs · Nerve deafness (single most common) · CHD (PDA, Pulmonarystenosis, Septal defects) · ...